Justin hippolyte simeon jechoux



(No Model.)

' J. H. S. JEOHOUX.

PERSPEGTOGRAPH. N0.49'9,387. Patented June 13, 1893.

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UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFI E.

JUSTIN HIPPOLYTE SIMEON JEOI-IOUX, OF VERRI NOIRE, FRANCE.

PERSPECTOGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 499,387, dated June 13,1893.

Application filed October 10, 1892. Serial No. 448,463. (No model.)Patented in France April 22. 1892, No. 220,997.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTIN HIPPOLYTE SIMEON J EOHOUX, tutor, a citizenof the French Republic, residing at Verri N oire, (Loire,) in theRepublic of France, have invented a certain new and usefulPerspectograph, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France, No.220,997, dated April 22, 1l) 892,) of which the following is aspecificaion.

This invention relates to a perspectograph in which a telescope and apencil are so mounted that the movements of the one are imparted to theother in such manner that when any given point of the object is viewedthrough the telescope, the position of the point of the pencil willindicate the corresponding position of such point on a plane horizontalsurface such as a sheet of paper. By viewng various points of the objectand marking the positions of such points on the drawing paper a correctperspective picture of the object can be obtained.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1, is a front elevation of aperspectograph constructed in accordance with this invention. Fig. 2 isa section taken on the line a b of Fig. 1 looking in the direction ofthe arrow shown; and Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view.

The same letters of reference are used to denote the same orcorresponding parts in all the figures.

The instrument is composed of three principal parts, a telescope a, apencil b, and a slide 0 to which the telescope and the pencil arerespectively connected by rods p and q. The slide 0 is made in the formof a loose collar capable of being slid on a horizontal rod cl whichlatter is carried by a double collar'z' on a vertical standard h thefoot j of which is firmly secured to the table or other plane horizontalsurface t on which the drawing paper is placed. The double collar 7: isprovided with two set screws or equivalent devices one of which servesto clamp the collar in any suitable position on the standard h while theother serves to clamp the horizontal rod d in any convenient position inthe collar 11 thus providing for vertical and horizontal adjustment ofthe rod d. At one extremity of the horizontal rod dis fixed asegmentalpiece 6 slightly larger than a semicircle, in which are twodiametrically opposite pinsfandf', the outer one of which is formed onthe end of a set screw, so that it may be adjusted as required. The twopins f and f are in a line with a prolongation of the axis of thehorizontal rod 61 and between them support a circular ring g theperiphery of which is provided with depressions or bushes in which thepins f and f take. To fix this ring g in positi,on,the set screw pin fis loos- 'ened, one of the bushes on the periphery of the ring is placedover the fixed pin f and the set screw is then tightened up causing itspin f to engage with the other peripheral bush and the ring is thencapable of being turned about on the pins f and f as a horizontal axisand without any side-play.

From the foregoing description it will be seen (first) that the ring gis capable of rotation about a fixed diameter passing through the pins fand f and coincides with the axis of the horizontal'rod d; and (second)that the center of the ring 9 will occupy a constant position on theprolonged axis of the rod 01 whatever the position of the ring may be.

The telescope is composed of a cylindrical tube, the axis of which isdetermined partly by the center of an extremely small aperture formed ina diaphragm placed on or over the eye-piece, and partly by the point ofcontact of two crossing threads placed in the objective. The telescopeis rigidly secured to two exactly similar rodsl and Z placedperpendicular to the axis of the telescope. To fix the telescope inposition it is introduced into the ring 9 in such a manner that theextremities of the rods land Z rest against two set screws m. Theupperset screw m screws from the outside completely through thethickness of the ring 9 as shown in Fig. 1, and in the detail view Fig.3, while the lower set,

screw screws partiallyinto the ring g from the interior of said ring,and carries a pin in the center of its milled head, which pin restsagainst the extremities of the rod Z. The lower set screw cannot bepassed from the outside through the thickness of the ring 9 on accountof the saddle-piece 0, the function of which will be explainedhereinafter. It will be seen that the telescope can rotate on a diameterpassing through the set screws m, and rods Z and l, and that thisdiameter is perpendicular to the diameter ff of the ring g. It will alsobe seen that the center of the diameter which passes through the rods Zand Z will coincide with the center of the ring From the foregoingdescription it follows (first) that the axis of the telescope can bedirected toward any point of the object, and (second) that the center ofthe ring 9 will always occupy a fixed position in space. It is in thisfixed position that the eye of the observer is supposed to be placed andthis fixed position then becomes the point of View.

The pencil b is secured at the extremity of a cylindrical tube a intowhich slides another tube n of about equal length. An upper rod 71"slides into the inner tube 7?. and is connected to the saddle-piece 0the sides of which are rigidly secured to two rings g and g". These tworings g and g are of the same diameter as the ring 9, and fit intoannular spaces, one 011 each side of the said ringg as shown by thesection view Fig. 3, in such a manner that the axes of the rings g andg" coincide. The rings g g" fit loosely in the annular recesses, so thatthey are capable of rotation independently of the ring 9 and can movearound their common axis through an angle of nearly one hundred andeighty degrees. They are maintained in position partly by thesaddle-piece 0, and partly by circular flanges on the exterior of thering 9. From the preceding description it follows:(first) thatthe axisof the pencil can be directed toward any point of the sheet of paperwithin the limits of the drawing to be produced by the instrument, andthat the point of the pencil can be made to touch this point on thepaper; (second) that in whatever direction it may be placed the axis ofthe pencil will always pass through the point of View.

The slides c is formed of a single ring of any convenient length, whichis adapted to glide smoothly over the tube d. It is connected to thetelescope by a rod 19 and to the saddle-piece 0 by another rod q. Thoseextremities of the rods 19 and g which are connected to the slides c arepivoted to the ends of two perpendicular diameters of a transversevertical section of the slides. The other extremity of the rod 9 isjointed to the telescope in such a manner as to be capable of turninground an axis perpendicular to the axis of the telescope; while theother extremity of the rod q is jointed to the saddle-piece 0 so as tobe capable of turning round an axis perpendicular to the axis of thepencil b. The two axes are equi-distant from the point of wow.

It will be seen from the preceding state mentz-(first) that the axis ofthe telescope lies in a plane passing through the axis of the rod (Z andwith which it can make any desired angle; (second) that the axis of thepencil lies in another plane, also passing through the axis of the rod(Z With which it can make any desired angle; (third) that the two planesare perpendicular to each other in every position, as if one of theplanes is turned around their line of intersection as a common axis, theother plane is caused to turn around the same axis and to an equalextent; (fourth) that the angles formed by the axis of the telescope andthe axis of the pencil with the axis of the tube d are adjacent andconstantly equal; (fifth) that the axis of rotation of the telescope isperpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pencil and that the axis ofthe rod d is perpendicular to each of the two others; (sixth) that thepoint of view, the point of the pencil, and the point where the axis ofrotation of the rod q meets the axis of the tubes at and n are always inthe same straight line.

To use the perspectograph, it is fixed by means of a catch or equivalentdevice on the foot j to a horizontal table 15 before which the operatorstands. The rod dis then so placed that its axis will be trulyhorizontal and actuated above the sheet of paper on which the drawing orperspective picture is to be made. The drawing paper is firmly securedto the tablet.

To obtain the perspective of any object the instrument is placed at asuitable distance and the axis of the telescope is directed toward anyone of the points of the object, at the same time the pencil is drawnoutward until the point touches the paper. The point ,so marked is theexact projection of the point seen through the telescope. In the samemanner the perspective of any number of points of the object can bemarked on the paper and by properly uniting the points so marked, anexact perspective drawing or picture of the object viewed is obtained.The telescope is not worked directly with the hand, but by means of thepencil tube a. This latter is held in the hand and raised slightly abovethe surface of the paper; it is then moved about in different directionsuntil the axis of the telescope points directly to a given point in theobject. The pencil is then lowered without causing its axis to deviatefrom the direction obtained; and the point where it meets the paper, isthe position in the perspective drawing of the point viewed.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A perspectograph comprising a telescope or sighting apparatus mountedso as to be capable of turning in any direction, but with a point of itsaxis constantly fixed, and a penoil at the extremity of an extensibletube fitted in such manner that the axis of the pencil passes throughthe fixed point of the telescope, the telescope and the pencil being soconnected together that the movements of the one are imparted to theother substantially as and for the purpose hereinbet'ore described.

2. In a perspectograph having a telescope or sighting apparatus and apencil mounted so as to be capable of rotating at right angles to eachother, means such as are herein described for connecting the pencil andthe telescope together in such manner that the move ments of the one areimparted to the other substantially as and ,for the purpose hereinbeforedescribed. c

3. In a perspectograph having a telescope or sighting apparatus and apencil mounted so as to be capable of rotating at right angles to eachother, connecting the telescope and the pencil together in such mannerthat the movements of the one are imparted to the other, by theemployment of a slider capable of being slid along or rotated on a fixedhorizontal rod, the axis of which is at right angles 'to the axes of thetelescope and the pencil, 15

bination of a telescope, a pencil, and a slide for conveying themovements of the pencil to and from the telescope.

JUSTIN HIPPOLYTE Witnesses:

ANATOLE DAVID, JOSEPH CANETT.

SIMEON JECHOUX.

